Tus heev nyuj khiav hauv platinum stems los ntawm kev npaj txhij txog kev sib hloov ntawm ib qho khoom siv {{}} ntu nrawm thiab muaj kev soj ntsuam hauv kev thov. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Ntiaj Teb Platinum Peev Nyiaj Council qhia tau tias lub Platinum kev ua lag luam yuav tsum tau muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm 966,000 ooj los ntawm 2025.
Ntiaj teb cov khoom siv tau khiav qis, xa cov nqi qiv nyiaj yog li cas
Soaring cov nqi qiv yog cov pom kev tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam platin tam sim no. Cov nqi qiv siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau platinum - Cov tsheb sib luag, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab iav tsim khoom. Cov neeg siv kev lag luam no feem ntau xaiv mus rau daim ntawv xauj tsev ntau dua li yuav platinum outright kom txo qis peev kev txwv, tab sis cov tswv yim no tau dhau los ua neeg tsis muaj.
Lub Platinum kev ua lag luam yog nqe lus rau nws thib peb ib xyoos ib zaug kev txwv tsis pub, raws li lub ntiaj teb Platinum Peev Council Council (WPIC). South Africa, uas tsim 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov platinum, txuas ntxiv yuav raug mob los ntawm kev tsis muaj hwj chim thiab cov nqi surging, ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau kev thab plaub rau kev ua lag luam.
Thaum tus nqi rov qab tau ua txog 90% ntawm platinum mining tuam txhab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig (piv rau tsuas yog 60% thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los), nws tsis tau txaus los ntawm kev nqis peev ntau lawm. "Tus nqi yuav tsum tau nce txog li 50% ntxiv rau incentivize kev nqis peev tshiab," hais tias Craig Miller, CEO ntawm Valterra Platinum Ltd.
Silicone tawv: Qhov tawm ntawm cov npoo rau platinum catalysts
Platinum catalyststs ua si ib lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tawv Silicone. Lawv feem ntau tsim ntawm Platinum (PT) ua lub chaw nquag, feem ntau siv cov tebchaw xws li chloroplatinic acid li cov khoom siv hauv paus. Lawv tau npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg thiab ntse tshaj plaws.
Platinum catalysts muaj ntau yam zoo kawg li. Kev ua haujlwm siab yog ib qho ntawm lawv cov cim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv lub silicone tawv tsim cov txheej txheem, tsuas yog ntxiv ib qho kev sib tw ntawm hydresinlation, yog li ua kom nrawm dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrally, yog li ua kom tiav txoj kev rau kev lag luam loj {2} ntsuas ntau lawm. Piv txwv li, raws li cov kev xav tau tsim nyog, kev ntxiv ntawm ib lub platinum catalyst lub sijhawm los ntawm ob peb lub sijhawm sib piv rau kaum feeb lossis txhim kho kev txhim kho ntau dua. Nws zoo xaiv tso cai rau nws kom pom tseeb tias cov tshuaj hydrosylation rau lub hom phiaj khoom lag luam thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
Hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm silicone, tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrosilylites yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias, nws yog qhov kev tawm tsam los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom kawg tau ruaj khov thiab ua tau zoo heev. Platinum catalysts tau pom tias muaj peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no.
Hais txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tswj, platinum catalysts tuaj yeem hloov kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov, thiab lwm yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob yog qhov siab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai sai, pib ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav. Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv maj mam hloov kho, kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem zoo li qub lossis ua tsis tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tiav kom tiav.
Kev sib tw
Txawm hais tias platinum catalysts ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv silicone tawv manufacturing, lawv kuj tau ntsib qee cov kev cov nyom uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Cov kev cov nyom no muaj, rau qee yam, txwv lawv cov ntawv thov dav dav thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm silicone tawv kev lag luam.
Tus nqi siab yog thawj qhov kev sib tw ua ke ntsib platinum catalysts. Cov nqi txuas mus ntxiv hauv Platinum tus nqi yog hloov catalyst catalyst siv tus nqi txuas silicone ntau lawm. Rau cov tuam txhab me me uas muaj cov nqi nyiaj txiag tsawg, cov nqi catalyst muaj txawm tias kev sib tw tawv silicone, lim tawm kev ua haujlwm tshiab thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam.
Platinum catalystss kuj fim cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim lom thiab ua tsis tau. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim cov tawv nqaij silicone, ntau yam impurities yuav nkag mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li organic, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, thiab phosphorus, txhuas, muaj mercury, bismuth, thiab arsenic. Thaum cov kev cuam tshuam no tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov platinum catalyst, lawv ua rau cov chaw ua si nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub no, ua rau muaj kev ua kom poob cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm hydrosilylation. Txawm hais tias kev qhia ntawm impurities yog nruj me ntsis tswj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom muaj kuab thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom.
Txhawm rau daws cov kev cov nyom no, cov neeg tshawb xyuas thiab cov tuam txhab tau nquag tshawb nrhiav ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi, kev siv zog tab tom txhim kho kev npaj catalyst ntau, nce platinum siv, thiab txo cov cannalyst siv ib yam khoom lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv zog tab tom tab tom qhia kom paub cov ntaub ntawv xaiv lossis txhim kho cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab kom txo qis ntawm platinum. Txhawm rau hais qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lom zem thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev ua kom zoo dua qub cov txheej txheem, thiab txo cov txheej txheem ntawm impurities. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshiab platinum catalysts nrog kev txhim kho kom tsis kam mus rau kev raug tsim. Hais txog cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los, cov cuab yeej tswj tau kom siab thiab ntsuas kub thiab kub kom ntseeg tau tias yog cov khoom ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los. Cov kev siv dag zog no yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov kev cov nyom uas muaj cov platinum catalysts thiab txhawb kev txhim kho thiab muaj kev lag luam zoo ntawm cov tawv nqaij silicone.
