Cov khoom muaj ntau yam hauv cov khoom siv silicone: silicone roj thiab silicone emulsions
Ntawm tsev neeg organosilicon, silicone roj thiab silicone emulsions yog cov neeg siv ntau tshaj plaws. Nrog lawv cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev suav tsis txheeb, los ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam mus rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub.
I. Silicone Roj: Los ntawm Molecular Structure mus ib txhis - Hloov cov ntawv
Silicone roj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw hlau -zoo li polyorganosiloxanes nrog ntau qib ntawm polymerization. Nws "yug" muaj ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb: ua ntej, dimethyldichlorosilane yog hydrolyzed nrog dej kom tau txais lub nplhaib ua ntej condensation; ces, lub nplhaib yog tawg thiab distilled kom tau ib tug tsawg- daim ntawv cyclic; Thaum kawg, lub nplhaib, kawg -capping tus neeg sawv cev, thiab cov catalyst yog "polymerized" ua ke kom tau txais kev sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm polymerization. Tom qab tshem tawm qis -boiling- cov khoom taw tes, peb tau txais cov roj silicone uas peb nquag pom. Hauv qhov tsos, cov roj silicone feem ntau yog xim tsis muaj xim (lossis daj daj), tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab tsis yog - kua tshuaj lom uas tsis yooj yim volatile. Nws cov khoom yog qhov txawv heev: nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv polar solvents xws li dej thiab methanol, tab sis tuaj yeem nkag siab nrog benzene, carbon tetrachloride, thiab kerosene; nws muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj vapor siab, siab flash point thiab ignition point, thiab qis qis, ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev. Raws li cov qauv tshuaj, cov roj silicone muaj cov tsev neeg loj: methyl silicone roj, ethyl silicone roj, phenyl silicone roj, methyl hydrogen silicone roj, methyl chlorophenyl silicone roj, thiab lwm yam, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej lub zog. Muab faib los ntawm daim ntawv thov, muaj damping silicone roj, diffusion twj tso kua mis silicone roj, hydraulic roj, insulating roj, tshav kub hloov roj, nres kua, thiab lwm yam, txhua tus ua si nws ib feem. Dab tsi ua rau cov roj silicone nrov yog nws cov kev ua tau zoo dua: muaj zog tiv thaiv tshav kub, tsis yooj yim deteriorating ntawm kub kub; zoo hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, ua raws li "tus saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb" rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; huab cua zoo heev, tsis yooj yim rau kev laus txawm tias tom qab raug cua thiab hnub; muaj zog hydrophobicity, tso cai rau dej rau condense rau hauv cov hlaws dai ntawm nws nto; siab physiological inertness, nrog tsawg heev irritation rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam kab mob; thiab kuj muaj cov viscosity tsawg-kub coefficient, siab compressibility, thiab qee hom txawm tias hluav taws xob tiv taus. Cov khoom no ua rau cov roj silicone ua tau zoo heev - tom qab cov khoom lag luam hauv aerospace, electronics, thiab machinery manufacturing.
II. Organosilicon Emulsions: Cov "Tib neeg- phooj ywg" Daim ntawv ntawm Silicone Roj
Organosilicon emulsions, yooj yim muab, yog "kua dispersions" ntawm silicone roj. Ntawm lawv, emulsions siv los ua ntaub softeners thiab defoamers yog cov feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile, qhov twg silicone emulsions yog suav hais tias yog "ntaub beauticians." Silicone fabric finishing agents tau dhau los ua ob tiam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Thawj tiam muaj cov neeg kho tshuab sib xyaw ntawm dimethyl silicone roj thiab hydrogen- muaj cov roj silicone (thiab nws cov derivatives), uas, thaum muab softening, muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg. Nyob rau tiam thib ob, hydroxyl-tawm polydimethylsiloxane emulsions tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb-lawv yog cov emulsion polymerized ncaj qha nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los ntawm octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane monomers, dej, emulsifiers, catalysts, thiab lwm yam. Kom muab cov ntaub ntau dua "superpowerlic", xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, los yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. kev ntxhib los mos ntawm tej yam ntuj tso fabrics, cov kws tshawb fawb pib qhia tshwj xeeb active pab pawg -amino, amide, ester, cyano, carboxyl, thiab epoxy pawg- mus rau hauv silicone molecules. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no zoo li ntxiv cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau cov roj silicone: kev qhia txog cov amino pawg ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv shrinkage thiab softening xov ntawm ntaub plaub; kev taw qhia ntawm cov pab pawg amide txhim kho stain kuj thiab softness; kev taw qhia ntawm cyano pab pawg txhim kho cov roj tsis kam; copolymers ntawm polyethylene oxide ether thiab organosilicon muaj cov nyhuv antistatic tseem ceeb; thiab organofluorine- hloov kho organosilicon ua ke ua ke roj repellency, stain resistance, antistatic zog, thiab dej repellency, dhau los ua "tshiab nyiam" nyob rau hauv siab -kawg ntaub.
Los ntawm ntau hom ntawm silicone roj mus rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov organosilicon emulsions, cov khoom organosilicon niaj hnub rov txhais peb cov kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lawv cov cim ntxim nyiam, ua rau kev lag luam ntau dua thiab zoo dua vim tias lawv muaj nyob.
